Characterization of crude echis carinatus venominduced. The water soluble fraction of an ethanolic extract from diodia scandens was found to have no effect on the in vitro clotting time of normal human blood. To determine the extent and variation of arthropod feeding among the major echis species groups, preserved museum specimens e. Five subspecies are currently recognized, including the nominate subspecies described here. This article is from journal of venom research, volume 2. The sawscaled viper echis carinatus is one of the principal causes of snake bites in india. Proteomics and antivenomics of echis carinatus carinatus. Broad triangular head with narrow neck and wide body. Within the family of viperidae the venoms of echis coloratus and echis carinatus were among the first to be recognized to contain prothrombin activating principles. Echis carinatus ocellatus stemmler, echis carinatus leucogaster n.
Some nutritional properties of the seeds of three mucuna species article pdf available in international journal of food sciences and nutrition 521. Bites by the sawscaled or carpet viper echis carinatus. Pdf snakebite envenoming by sochureks sawscaled viper. Clinical toxinology resources website provides information on venoms, toxins, antivenoms, diagnosis, treatment and emergency medicine, for snakebite, spiderbite, envenoming and poisoning by animals, plants, mushrooms. Echis carinatus is one of the venomous snakes in iran. Echis carinatus sawscaled viper produces potent hemorrhagic venom that causes the development of apoptotic and necrotic tissues. Carinactivase1, abbreviated ca1 as a new type of prothrombin activator, has been recently found to differ from ecarin yamada et al. Pdf crystal structure of a disintegrin heterodimer from. Echis carinatus crude venom decreases coagulation time of mouse plasma in relation to its normal levels. Coevolution of diet and preyspecific venom activity. Carpet viper envenomations are characterized by a venominduced consumption coagulopathy and systemic bleeding syndrome, in addition to local symptoms of painful progressive swelling and tissue destruction. Based on the results of table table1, 1, it is clear that all ec venom concentrations have coagulation properties. Common names small in length, cylindrical and moderately slender bodied snake with a very short tail. Victims of severe echis carinatus venom poisoning develop incoagulable blood and spontaneous systemic bleeding, with evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation warrell et al.
The name echis is the latin transliteration of the greek word for viper. The plant extract was shown to possess definite anti. Pdf some nutritional properties of the seeds of three. It is the smallest member of the big four snakes that are responsible for causing the most snakebite cases and deaths, due to various factors including. Echis carinatus the sawscaled or carpet viper, also known as echis osellatus is the most significant cause of snakebite mortality in western africa. Structural characterization of myotoxic ecarpholin s from echis carinatus venom. Guido tans, in handbook of proteolytic enzymes third edition, 20. Endoglyphs and other major venomous snakes of the world. Echis carinatus saw scaled viper ssv is a venomous snake found in the parts of middle east and central asia. Abstractechis carinatus sawscaled viper produces potent hemorrhagic venom that causes the. Echis carinatus astolae is found only on astola island, off the coast of makran, pakistan. In vivo evaluation of homeostatic effects of echis. Pdf the snake venom protease ecarin from echis carinatus was expressed in stable transfected chos cells grown in animal component free cell culture.
In sri lanka ssv is found in the dry coastal plains of northern, northwestern and eastern provinces 2,3. Echis carinatus sawscaled viper echis carinatus sochureki levantine viper vipera lebetina viperspit vipers long, hinged fangs that tuck into roof of mouth when not in use. Life threatening intracerebral haemorrhage following saw. The echis carinatus is a terrestrial reptilian, but capable to climb low shrubs, especially when the ground is wet, as it happens after a shower. Ecarin chapter 197, an enzyme in echis carinatus sochureki now renamed echis sochureki, is a singlechain metallotype enzyme of 55 kda that exhibits strict substrate specificity nishida et al. The west african carpet viper echis ocellatus causes more deaths than any other snake in subsaharan africa. Pdf on the snake fauna of central and southern iraq and. Crystal structure of a disintegrin heterodimer from echis carinatus at 1. It moves quicker than many other vipers, and has mainly crepuscular and. A total of 90, 47, and 22 distinct enzymatic and nonenzymatic proteins belonging to 15, 10, and 6 snake.
Pdf revisiting sawscaled viper echis carinatus bites. The venom of iranian echis carinatus is a rich source of protein with various factors affecting. The proteome composition of echis carinatus carinatus venom ecv from india was studied for the first time by tandem mass spectrometry analysis. In this research, the effects of echis carinatus crude venom and its fractions on mice were analyzed. Pdf structural characterization of myotoxic ecarpholin s.
Echis carinatus ocellatus stemmler 1970 echis carinatus pyramidum papenfuss 1969 echis ocellatus welch 1994. Pdf central and southern iraq in the area adjacent to and between the tigris and euphrates rivers, known as mesopotamian plain. It is the smallest of the big four dangerous snakes of india. Revisiting sawscaled viper echis carinatus bites in the jaffna peninsula of sri lanka. The isolated echistatin, according to this method, is composed of. The sawscaled viper ssv echis carinatus is considered to be a highly venomous snake in sri lanka despite any published clinical justification. Pdf proteomics and antivenomics of echis carinatus. For the haffkine institute, these snakes are procured for their venom. Preliminary in vitro studies on the antagonistic effects. They have a characteristic threat display, rubbing sections of their body together to produce a sizzling warning sound. Some new races of the snakes eryx, callophis sic and echis. Pdf expression and characterization of recombinant ecarin. The only truly desert species is, in fact, only the burtons carpet viper or painted sawscaled viper echis coloratus.
Fortysix patients with systemic poisoning by this snake were given echis antivenom made either by the south african institute for medical research s. Successful management of two patients with intracranial. Control of antivenom treatment in echis carinatus carpet. Echis carinatus sochureki is found in northern india, pakistan, southern afghanistan, south and central iran, the united arab emirates, and oman the wildlife of pakistan website gives the range as northern india, pakistan except the high mountains in north, southern afghanistan, central iran to the coast of the iranian gulf and khuzestan. In this study, we used polyethyleneimine pei to enhance cellular adherence, and to determine whether the substrate attachment influenced the survival of cells treated with crude e.
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